An Overview of the Basic Structure and Flight Principles of UAVs

Abstract

This study focuses on the basic structure and flight principle of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and systematically analyzes the core components of the UAV system, the flight control technology and its performance in different application scenarios. The UAV flight platform adopts lightweight and high-strength materials such as carbon fiber composites, and combines GPS/GNSS navigation, inertial measurement unit (IMU) and flight controllers to achieve autonomous flight and high-precision positioning. The ground control and communication system ensures real-time data interaction and remote control between the UAV and the ground station through standardized transmission protocols. The diversified and modularized design of payloads greatly expands the application boundaries of UAVs in agriculture, surveying and mapping, logistics, security and other fields. The study reveals the differences in flight principles between multi-rotor and fixed-wing UAVs, with multi-rotor UAVs being suitable for vertical take-off and landing and low-altitude fine operations, while fixed-wing UAVs have the advantages of long endurance and high-efficiency cruising. Through the optimization of structural design, control system and autonomous flight technology, UAVs are developing towards higher intelligence, longer flight time and stronger environmental adaptability, providing technical support for the construction of new infrastructure such as smart cities and intelligent transportation.