Sleep Monitoring Technology: Evolution, Current Landscape, and Future Horizons
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54691/y4ej6z93Keywords:
Sleep Monitoring, Polysomnography, Wearable Sensors, Actigraphy, Ballistocardiography, Artificial Intelligence, Elderly Care, Sensor Fusion.Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental pillar of human health, intricately linked to cognitive function, cardiovascular well-being, and overall quality of life. However, sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent, posing significant public health challenges. Effective management begins with accurate and accessible monitoring. This review comprehensively examines the technological evolution of sleep monitoring, from the clinical gold standard to emerging home-based and wearable solutions. We detail the principles, sensors, and parameters involved, contrasting polysomnography (PSG) with alternatives like actigraphy, ballistocardiography (BCG), and novel sensor-based systems. The discussion extends to multidimensional sleep parameter recognition techniques leveraging artificial intelligence (AI). Furthermore, we analyze the specific context and technological preferences for sleep monitoring in older adults. Finally, we explore future trajectories, including the integration of multi-sensor fusion, advanced materials like graphdiyne for ultra-sensitive sensing, AI-driven edge computing, and innovative intervention methods such as microneedle-based systems. This synthesis aims to provide a holistic view of the field, highlighting technological convergence as the key to personalized, precise, and preventive sleep healthcare.
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